Catalina Island, a jewel off the coast of Southern California, boasts a rich and colorful history that stretches back millennia. The island’s story begins with its earliest inhabitants, the Pimugnans, who thrived there for over 8,000 years. These Native Americans called their island Pimu and themselves Pimungans (or Pimuvit), living in harmony with the island’s natural bounty.
The arrival of Europeans in 1542 marked a turning point. Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, a Portuguese explorer sailing under the Spanish crown, became the first European to set foot on Catalina. He christened the island San Salvador, although some believe it also might be the final resting place of Cabrillo himself. Over half a century later, in 1602, another Spanish explorer, Sebastian Vizcaino, rediscovered the island on the eve of Saint Catherine’s Day. This fortuitous timing led him to rename the island Santa Catalina, a name that has endured to this day.
Following the Spanish colonization of California, the island’s Pimugnan population tragically declined. Catalina then transitioned through periods of use by otter hunters, smugglers, and even military operations. In 1846, Mexican Governor Pio Pico granted Catalina Island to a private citizen, Thomas Robbins. The island then changed hands several times before being acquired by James Lick, once considered the wealthiest man in California, by 1864.
The 20th century ushered in a new era for Catalina Island. In 1919, chewing gum magnate William Wrigley Jr. purchased a controlling interest in the island. Wrigley envisioned transforming Catalina into a bustling resort destination. He oversaw significant development projects, constructing infrastructure and attractions that continue to draw visitors today. Catalina Island’s allure as a getaway for Hollywood celebrities also began around this time. Charlie Chaplin, Marilyn Monroe, Humphrey Bogart and John Wayne are just a few of the stars who frequented the island. One, Natalie Wood, died tragically and mysteriously in the waters off the island.
Today, Catalina Island remains a popular tourist destination. Visitors can explore the charming town of Avalon, hike scenic trails or delve into the island’s underwater world. However, a significant portion of Catalina Island, over 42,000 acres, is now under the stewardship of the Catalina Island Conservancy. This non-profit organization, established in 1972, works to preserve the island’s natural beauty and ecological balance.
Catalina Island’s story is one of resilience, transformation and enduring natural beauty. From its ancient indigenous inhabitants to its modern role as a popular tourist destination, Catalina Island continues to capture the imagination and offer a unique Californian escape.
